Tooth decay (dental caries) is the destruction of tooth structure caused by acids produced by bacteria in plaque. Here's everything you need to know: **How Tooth Decay Develops:** 1. **Plaque Formation**: Bacteria form sticky film on teeth 2. **Sugar Consumption**: Bacteria feed on sugars, producing acids 3. **Acid Attack**: Acids dissolve tooth enamel 4. **Cavity Formation**: Holes form in teeth **Risk Factors:** - Poor oral hygiene - Frequent snacking on sugary foods - Dry mouth (reduced saliva) - Acidic foods and drinks - Genetics - Age (children and elderly are more susceptible) - Certain medications **Stages of Tooth Decay:** 1. **Initial Demineralization**: White spots on enamel 2. **Enamel Decay**: Cavity in enamel layer 3. **Dentin Decay**: Decay reaches dentin 4. **Pulp Involvement**: Decay reaches nerve 5. **Abscess Formation**: Infection spreads **Prevention Strategies:** - **Brush Twice Daily**: Use fluoride toothpaste - **Floss Daily**: Remove plaque between teeth - **Limit Sugary Foods**: Especially between meals - **Drink Water**: Especially after eating - **Chew Sugar-free Gum**: Stimulates saliva production - **Regular Dental Visits**: Professional cleanings and checkups - **Fluoride Treatment**: Strengthens enamel - **Dental Sealants**: Protect chewing surfaces **Treatment Options:** - **Fluoride Treatment**: For early decay - **Fillings**: For small to moderate cavities - **Crowns**: For large cavities - **Root Canal**: For infected teeth - **Extraction**: For severely damaged teeth **Dietary Tips:** - Eat sugary foods with meals - Choose water over sugary drinks - Limit acidic foods - Include calcium-rich foods Early detection and treatment prevent more serious problems. Regular dental checkups are essential for maintaining oral health.